Pawson, R. and Tilley, N. (1997) Realistic Evaluation. London: Sage Publications.

The purpose of a realistic evaluation is to establish whether there is an ‘inequivocable causal relationship between a program and its outcome’.

Earl, S. and Carden, F. (2002) Learning from complexity: the International Development Research Centre’s experience with Outcome Mapping. Development in Practice. Vol. 12:3&4. pp. 518-524.

This paper introduces the major concepts of Outcome Mapping and discusses the International Development Research Centre’s experience in developing and implementing Outcome Mapping with Northern and Southern research organisations.

Campenhausen, C. von. and Petrisch, G. (2004) The benchmarking matrix. Managerial Auditing Journal. Vol. 19:2pp. 172-179

Barkham, M., Margison, F., Evans, C., McGrath, G., Mellor-Clark, J., Milne, D. and Connell, J. (1998) The rationale for developing and implementing core outcome batteries for routine use in service settings and psychotherapy outcome research. Journal of Mental Health. Vol. 7:1. pp. 35-47

This paper presents the rationale for developing and implementing a core outcome battery in routine clinical practice as well as psychotherapy research.

Ambrozic, M. (2003) A few countries measure impact and outcomes – most would like to measure at least something. Performance Measurement and Metrics. Vol. 4:2. pp. 64-78.

This paper discusses theoretical and practical approaches to the problems of assessing library performance and especially of measuring outcomes in the developing world.

Liu, A.M.M. and Walker, A., (1998) Evaluation of Project Outcomes. Construction Management and Economics. Vol. 16. pp. 209-219.

The evaluation of the outcome of construction projects has been the subject of unresolved debate for many years. This paper argues that previous views have tried to find a simple solution to a complex problem.

Stufflebeam, D.L., Madaus, G.F., Kellaghan, T. Evaluation Models: Viewpoints on Educational and Human Services Evaluation. (2nd Ed. November 2000) Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Evaluation Models is an up-to-date revision of the classic text first published in 1983.